What types of devices fall under special-purpose computer systems?

Special-purpose computer systems are designed to perform a specific function or a set of functions rather than being general-purpose devices. In this context, network routers, access points, and switches are prime examples because they are tailored to manage data traffic, connect devices, and facilitate communication over networks. Each of these devices has been purpose-built for networking tasks, distinguishing them as special-purpose systems in the realm of computer technology.

While personal computers, smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles serve a variety of functions and can run a wide range of applications, they do not fit the definition of special-purpose systems as closely as networking devices. Personal computers and mobile devices are generally considered general-purpose due to their versatility and ability to run diverse software. Gaming consoles, although specialized for gaming, still serve multiple entertainment and media functions, which again places them outside the category of purely special-purpose devices. Thus, network routers, access points, and switches clearly illustrate the concept of special-purpose systems by fulfilling specific roles in a network infrastructure.