What does authentication verify?

Authentication is the process that verifies the identity of a user or system. It ensures that the individual or entity trying to gain access is actually who they say they are. This is typically done through various means such as passwords, biometric scans (like fingerprints), security tokens, or other identification methods. By validating a user's identity, authentication serves as a critical first line of defense in protecting sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access.

In the context of this question, the correct answer revolves around the key function of authentication in establishing trust in a user's identity, making it an essential step in any secure system or network management. It ensures that only legitimate users can access the resources they are authorized to use, thereby maintaining the integrity and security of IT environments.